TNF Inhibitors

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Pharmacology

Summary

TNF inhibitors are anti-inflammatory biologic agents designed to neutralize TNF-alpha, a pivotal cytokine in the inflammatory cascade that is predominant in autoimmune disorders. There are two main categories of these inhibitors. First, the monoclonal antibodies, which include infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab. The second category features the fusion protein etanercept. Collectively, these drugs find therapeutic application in diverse conditions, most notably rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. TNF inhibitors are associated with adverse effects such as skin reactions in subcutaneous preparations, the potential for reactivation of latent TB, induction of drug-specific lupus, and an increased risk of malignancies, especially lymphomas.

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